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Eyüp Cemetery
The Eyüp Cemetery ((トルコ語:Eyüp Mezarlığı)), aka Eyüp Sultan Cemetery, is a historic burial ground located in Eyüp district, the European side of Istanbul, Turkey. It is administered by the General Directorate of Foundations. One of the oldest and largest Muslim cemeteries in Istanbul, it hosts graves of Ottoman sultans and court members, grand viziers, high-ranked religious authorities, civil servants and commanders as well as intellectuals, scientists, artists and poets.
==History==
The cemetery was very popular by Ottoman people, who wanted to be buried next to the tomb of Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (576–circa 672 or 674), ( aka (トルコ語:Eyüp Sultan)). A close companion (Arabic: الصحابه, ''sahaba'') of Prophet Muhammad, he died during a raid against the Byzantine Empire and wanted to be buried as close as possible to the city walls. After the Conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks in 1453, a tomb was constructed above his grave and a mosque, called today the Eyüp Sultan Mosque, was built in his honor. From that time on, the area now known as Eyüp has become sacred, and many prominent Ottoman people requested burial in proximity of Abu Ayyub.
The Eyüp Cemetery is situated on the western bank of the Golden Horn just outside of the historic Walls of Constantinople (today İstanbul). It stretches between the Golden Horn's shore up to Karyağdı Slope, and further to Edirnekapı. Road construction works and nationalization around Golden Horn did great damage to the graves.
One of the most interesting graves are of the executioners' in the Ottoman Empire, who were in official service. They were not allowed to be buried in public cemeteries. A separate burial ground, called the "Executioner Cemetery" ((トルコ語:Cellat Mezarkığı)), existed on the Karyağdı Hill aside the Eyüp Cemetery. Their burial took place only in two cemeteries in Istanbul, and this secretly in the night. The headstones were blank without any name and date in order to avoid a retaliation by the relatives of the executed person. Unfortunately, only a few executioner graves survived up to date.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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